The Howrah Bridge is more than just a steel structure connecting two bustling cities. It’s an engineering marvel, a cultural icon, and a living symbol of India’s colonial and modern history. Located in Kolkata, this bridge spans the Hooghly River and has silently witnessed decades of transformation, from British rule to the rise of contemporary India.
Here’s a detailed look at the top 10 facts you didn’t know about Howrah Bridge, from its construction techniques to the role it played during historical events. Whether you’re a history buff, a civil engineering enthusiast, or simply curious, this deep dive will leave you awestruck.
1. It Was Originally Called the New Howrah Bridge
Before earning the name we all know today, the Howrah Bridge was initially called the New Howrah Bridge. It was built to replace a pontoon bridge that previously connected Howrah and Kolkata. This older bridge couldn’t handle the increasing traffic and was frequently dismantled during monsoons. When the new bridge opened in 1943, it inherited the responsibility of connecting the twin cities and managing the massive surge in transport and trade.
2. A Marvel Without Nuts and Bolts
One of the most astonishing facts about Howrah Bridge is that it was constructed without a single nut or bolt. It uses riveted joints instead, which was a cutting-edge engineering technique back then. Approximately 26,500 tons of steel were used to construct the bridge, with most of it supplied by Tata Steel. The riveted structure not only ensured strength but also made the bridge more durable against heavy load and vibrations caused by traffic.
3. Suspension Type but Not Really
Despite popular belief, the Howrah Bridge is not a suspension bridge. It is a cantilever bridge, which means it extends horizontally into space, supported only at one end. With a central span of 1,500 feet and a total length of 2,313 feet, it is one of the longest cantilever bridges in the world. The cantilever design was specifically chosen to allow unobstructed movement of ships beneath, without needing piers in the water that could disrupt river traffic.
4. World War II Delayed Its Inauguration
Although construction of Howrah Bridge was completed in 1942, its public inauguration was delayed due to World War II. The bridge was kept operational to aid military movements and remained uncelebrated until 1943. During this period, it became strategically significant as it helped transport military personnel, ammunition, and supplies across the river to support British war efforts.
5. Handles Over 100,000 Vehicles and 150,000 Pedestrians Daily
The Howrah Bridge is not just an architectural wonder—it’s also a lifeline for daily commuters. Each day, it bears the weight of over 100,000 vehicles and 150,000 pedestrians. That’s a staggering volume of movement, especially considering the bridge wasn’t designed to accommodate motor vehicles initially. Over the years, its ability to withstand the increasing traffic load has been nothing short of phenomenal.
6. Rust is Its Biggest Enemy
With the Hooghly River’s humid atmosphere and Kolkata’s high pollution levels, rust remains the most significant threat to the longevity of Howrah Bridge. In fact, a study by the Kolkata Port Trust in the early 2000s revealed that corrosion was eating away at the steel structure. Efforts are continually made to repaint the bridge and repair damage, with painting alone taking around 6,000 liters of paint every few years to ensure its continued stability.
7. It Was Built to Withstand Cyclones and Earthquakes
Engineers behind the Howrah Bridge didn’t just think about traffic—they planned for disasters. Given the region’s vulnerability to cyclones and seismic activity, the bridge was constructed to withstand wind speeds up to 100 km/h and moderate earthquakes. This foresight has helped the bridge stand firm through natural calamities over the decades, proving the excellence of its engineering.
8. Features in Numerous Indian Films and Literature
Over the years, Howrah Bridge has become an iconic backdrop in Bollywood films, Bengali cinema, and Indian literature. Movies like Howrah Bridge (1958) and Barfi! have prominently featured it. The bridge serves not only as a picturesque frame but also symbolizes emotional connections, urban hustle, and cultural depth. For writers and filmmakers, it remains a muse that reflects both nostalgia and progress.
9. Nighttime Illumination Turns It into a Spectacle
In 2006, Howrah Bridge received a beautiful upgrade—a modern LED lighting system. At night, the bridge transforms into a glowing marvel with multi-colored lights that illuminate its intricate steel framework. These lights not only enhance its aesthetic appeal but also help in highlighting its architectural features to tourists and locals alike. The night view of the bridge from the riverside is one of the most Instagram-worthy sights in Kolkata.
10. No Cameras or Photography Was Allowed Initially
In the early decades after its construction, photography on Howrah Bridge was strictly prohibited, mainly due to its strategic importance during British rule and post-independence concerns over security. It was only in recent years that the rules relaxed, allowing people to capture this magnificent structure. However, due to high traffic and pedestrian congestion, tripods and professional setups are still discouraged to avoid blocking pathways.
Bonus Insight: It Was Once a Floating Pontoon Bridge
Before the existing Howrah Bridge was constructed, a pontoon bridge connected Howrah and Kolkata. This floating bridge had to be dismantled during monsoon floods and reconstructed afterward, which caused significant delays and inconvenience. The decision to build a permanent cantilever bridge came from the growing need for a stronger, permanent solution, which resulted in the creation of the current Howrah Bridge.
Summary
Howrah Bridge is not just a piece of metal spanning a river—it’s a living symbol of endurance, unity, and progress. It has witnessed wars, survived natural disasters, and evolved with the changing face of India. While many admire it for its imposing appearance and functionality, the lesser-known facts about its construction, legacy, and cultural impact add new layers to our appreciation.
From being built without nuts and bolts to surviving World War II bombings, the Howrah Bridge is a marvel in every sense. It’s a story of visionary engineering, Indian resilience, and historic significance—all rolled into one massive structure that continues to serve millions every single day.
Whether you’re a traveler, a history enthusiast, or an engineering buff, the next time you cross the Howrah Bridge, remember—you’re not just moving from one city to another. You’re riding on a century-old legacy that holds the weight of history, culture, and unbreakable human spirit.
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